Edisi Pelajar PMR! Tips Ulangkaji: Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns!

Tips PENTING

REFLEXIVE AND EMPHATIC PRONOUNS
	•	Reflexive pronouns are used to point back to the person who did the action.
	Example: He hurt himself while fixing the pipes.
	•	Emphatic pronouns are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun.
	Example: We cooked the food ourselves.
			She herself broke the vase.
	•	Reflexive and emphatic pronouns can be used to show the following:
		(a)	gender
			masculine - himself
			feminine - herself
			neuter - itself
		(b)	person
			First - myself
			Second - yourselves, yourself
			Third - himself, herself, itself, themselves
		Example: The students enjoyed themselves at the party. (Reflexive)
			The students themselves decorated the class. (Emphatic)
		(c)	number
			Singular - myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
			Plural - ourselves, yourselves, themselves
		Example: They taught themselves Cantonese. (Reflexive)
			You yourself were so careless in the examination. (Emphatic)

Kesalahan BAHASA

	1.	All the students went to the stadium by ourselves. (Wrong)
		All the students went to the stadium by themselves. (Correct)
	2.	She paid for the drink himself. (Wrong )
		She paid for the drink herself. (Correct)

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Edisi Pelajar SPM! Tips Ulangkaji: Present Perfect Continuous Tense!

Tips PENTING

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is usually a connection with the present or now. There are basically 2 uses for the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

When to Use:

1. Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.
   
   Examples:
   1. I am tired because I have been running.
   2. Why is the grass wet? Has it been raining?
   3. You don’t understand at because you have not been listening to the teacher.
2. Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.
   Examples:
   1. I have been reading for 3 hours. (I am still reading now.)
   2. How long have you been learning English? (You are still studying now.)
   3. She has not been smoking. (And she is not smoking now.)

FOR and SINCE with PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

For and since are often used with the Present Perfect Tense, too.

• For is used to talk about a period of time.
  - 5 minutes, 7 weeks, 10 years
• Since is used to talk about a point in past time.
  - 8 o’clock, 20th January, Tuesday

Examples:

1. I have not been feeling well for 2 weeks.
2. She has not been visiting us since February.
3. My sister has been watching TV since 5 o’clock in the evening.
4. Daddy and mummy have been talking for 3 hours. 

Kesalahan BAHASA

1. Sherry has not been visited us since February (Wrong)
   Sherry has not been visiting us since February. (Correct)
2. They have been talking since 3 hours. (Wrong)
   They have been talking for 3 hours. (Correct) 

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